Precise gut- brain axis regulation: The dual-wheel drive of probiotics and fat-soluble vitamins opens a new era of efficient fat loss
Obesity has developed into a global public health crisis. It is estimated that by 2025, the global obesity rate for men will reach 18% and for women will exceed 21%[1]. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial, including lifestyle, genetics, and neuro-endocrine regulation[2]. In recent years, breakthroughs have been made in the study of the gut- brain axis. Microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids have been found to regulate appetite and energy balance through dual pathways of intestinal hormones and vagus nerves[3]. Probiotic intervention can restore bacterial diversity and reduce endotoxin levels, thereby inhibiting chronic inflammation and improving metabolic parameters[4]. In addition, vitamin D₃ regulates the intestinal epithelial vitamin D receptor, optimizes the colonization environment, and assists the function of probiotics[5]. Based on this, this formula innovatively combines Akkermansia muciniphila, multiple strains of Bifidobacterium lactis and fat-soluble vitamin D₃ / E are combined to aim at multi-dimensional coordination of intestinal barrier repair, microecological balance and gut- brain axis signaling, to usher in a new era of safe, efficient and sustainable precision fat reduction.
1. Repair the intestinal barrier: Akkermansia Muciniphila 's "Invisible Warriors"
Akkermansia muciniphila, this intestinal strain dressed in "invisible warrior" armor, quietly stays stationed in our mucus layer, but can drastically repair the intestinal barrier and resist the attack of the "endotoxin army". It not only dances "tango" on the mucus layer to stimulate mucus secretion and renewal, but also increases the expression of tight junction proteins by secreting exosomes and activating host signaling pathways, allowing intestinal epithelial cells to work together to build a solid line of defense. Clinical and in vitro and in vivo studies have repeatedly demonstrated that supplementation with A. muciniphila can significantly increase the thickness of the mucus layer, reduce LPS levels in the blood, and inhibit chronic low-grade inflammation - this is tantamount to installing an "invisible shield" for you who are battling obesity and metabolic disorders[6-7].
1.1 Mucus layer “tango”: enhancing mucus secretion and barrier repair
A. muciniphila uses the mucus secreted by the host as " fuel" to decompose and stimulate goblet cells to continuously secrete new MUC2 mucin, increasing the thickness of the mucus layer by about 3 times in mouse models, just like putting on a three-layer "bulletproof vest" for the intestine[8]. Recent structural biology studies have revealed that the O-glycoside binding protein on the surface of the bacteria can precisely adhere to the mucus, ensuring that its "tango" action is both elegant and efficient, and does not disrupt the normal function of epithelial cells[9].
1.2 Exosomes and signaling molecules: activation of tight junctions and immune regulation
Moreover, A. muciniphila can secrete exosomes (AmEVs), which activate the host AMPK pathway and promote the expression of tight junction proteins (such as Occludin and Zonula Occludens-1) in Caco-2 cells, thereby enhancing the “jigsaw” connection between cells and reducing intestinal leakage[10]. At the same time, these exosomes can also regulate immune responses and reduce the levels of local inflammatory factors (such as TNF-α and IL-6) in the intestine, providing dual protection for the long-term maintenance of the intestinal barrier[11].
1.3 Human trials: safety and metabolic improvement in parallel
In a clinical trial on overweight and obese volunteers, oral administration of 10¹⁰ CFU of live or pasteurized A. muciniphila was shown to be safe and well tolerated, and significantly reduced plasma LPS and CRP levels and improved insulin sensitivity after 12 weeks, which means that this "invisible warrior" can also fight this "barrier defense battle" in the human body[12].
1.4 Humor Tips: How to Recruit Your "Invisible Warriors"
Want this intestinal "mystery warrior" to join your team? In addition to directly supplementing with patented strains, you can consume more foods rich in pectin and dietary fiber, such as onions, chicory and apples, on a daily basis to provide A. muciniphila with "energy ammunition",allowing it to dance more happily in the mucus layer and fight more fiercely!
2. Multi-strain probiotic combination: improving bacterial diversity and metabolic health
This section will take you to explore how multiple strains of probiotics work together, like a symphony team playing together, and like a "gut gym" working together to improve efficiency. By supplementing with several patented strains, we can not only quickly increase intestinal α diversity and optimize short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, but also fight metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance, ultimately achieving a "win-win" situation for weight management[13].
2.1 Core strains: your “gut band”
Lactobacillus acidophilus & Bifidobacterium infantis: This “duet” combination not only dances in the large intestine to promote SCFA synthesis, but also maintains ecological balance by competitively excluding harmful bacteria from occupying nutritional sites[14].
Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRa05 & Lactobacillus reuteri LR08: Like a smart guard, they specifically prevent intestinal barrier leakage, increase butyrate levels and reduce propionate levels, and also upregulate tight junction proteins (including ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin4) to enhance the integrity of the colon barrier[15].
Bifidobacterium longum NBM7-1 & Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032: This “mixed double” combination can increase the α-diversity of the bacterial flora. Meta-analysis showed that multi-strain probiotic intervention can reduce BMI by an average of 0.73 kg/m² and body fat percentage by an average of 1.08% (p<0.05)[16].
Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601: Like a wise conductor, it inhibits adipocyte differentiation through intracellular signaling pathways and improves liver fat accumulation in overweight adolescents[17].
2.2 Improving diversity: Why is “strength in numbers” more effective?
Gut α diversity is often compared to the richness of a "species garden" - the more flowers there are, the more stable the ecology is; the more strains there are, the stronger the ability to resist shocks. Studies have shown that supplementing with multiple probiotics for at least 8 weeks can increase the intestinal α diversity index by 15% to 25%, and improve insulin sensitivity and inflammatory indicators at the same time[18]. Higher diversity not only reduces the abundance of obesity-related flora, but also increases the relative proportion of SCFA-producing strains, laying the foundation for subsequent gut- brain axis regulation.
2.3 Metabolic health: a magnificent transformation from SCFA to energy balance
Multiple strains of probiotics work together in the intestines to convert indigestible dietary fiber into short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) such as acetate, propionate and butyrate. These "micro energy packs" not only stimulate the secretion of GLP-1 and PYY through the GPR41/43 receptors to enhance satiety, but also directly reach the hypothalamus through the vagus nerve to regulate the activity of NPY/ AgRP neurons, thereby achieving dual appetite suppression[19].At the same time, after entering the liver, SCFA participates in the metabolic reprogramming of hepatocytes, enhances lipid oxidation and energy consumption, and helps to burn fat for a long time[20].
2.4 Humor Tips: Your “Intestinal Gym”
Three daily tips:
Combined with dietary fiber: Eat more oats and chia seeds to provide "fuel" for probiotics and let them start "motors" in the intestines;
Stay away from high sugar and high fat: otherwise it is like letting a fitness trainer eat pizza, which will affect the efficiency of "training";
Persevere for 8 weeks: Good things take time, and reshaping the flora also requires patience, and the effect will be as significant as "muscle lines".
Through the synergistic efforts of the above strains, the intestinal ecology is like a symphony performance, with each instrument (strain) working together to push your metabolic health and weight management to a climax. In the next chapter, we will continue to uncover how the “gut-brain axis” can help you eat less and burn more!
3 Intervention of the gut-brain axis: multiple signals of SCFAs
In the busy town of the intestine, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are like hardworking "couriers" that deliver "packages" (signals) to every corner of the body, especially the highway to the brain - the gut-brain axis. Let's take a look at how these "guys" deliver signals, suppress appetite, and regulate metabolism.
3.1 “Courier boy” departure: sources and types of SCFAs
SCFAs mainly include acetate, propionate, and butyrate, which are "packaged" in the colon at a ratio of 60:25:15 and produced by probiotics when they ferment dietary fiber[21]. They are not only an important "energy lunch" for colon epithelial cells, but can also enter the circulation with the help of monocarboxylate transporters (MCT1/SMCT1) to perform longer-distance "delivery tasks"[22].
3.2 First stop: Intestinal endocrine cell collection
Once SCFAs reach the enteric endocrine cells (EEC), they knock on the two “inbox” doors of GPR41 (FFAR3) and GPR43 (FFAR2), just like a courier needs a visa before it is released [23]. After activating these two receptors, the two “satiety messengers” GLP-1 and PYY will start to travel through the blood and local nerves (such as the vagus nerve), quickly letting the brain know: “Okay, I’m full!” [24].
3.3 Clear division of labor: “Joint operations” of GLP-1 and PYY
GLP-1, known as the "VIP in the weight loss world", can delay gastric emptying, promote insulin secretion, and suppress appetite; while PYY exerts a secondary "food restriction order" through the hypothalamic Y2 receptor, a two-pronged approach that allows you to eat later and eat less [24]. A human intervention study showed that after delivering propionic acid directly to the human colon, the postprandial PYY concentration increased by about 30%, and hunger was significantly reduced [24].
3.4 Direct access to the highway: SCFAs and vagus nerve “zero transfer”
In addition to following the “parcel” route, SCFAs can also activate vagus nerve endings in the intestinal wall, like a VIP car going directly to the brain [25]. GPR41 is expressed in both the enteric plexus and the vagus ganglion. Once activated by SCFAs, it triggers electrical signals to travel retrograde to the medulla oblongata, ultimately affecting the hypothalamic center and regulating multiple circuits such as appetite and energy consumption [26].
3.5 Central feedback: the hypothalamus “general command room”
When the SCFAs couriers and satiety messengers gather in the hypothalamus, they jointly regulate the two sets of "on-feed" and "off-feed" neurons, AgRP/NPY and POMC/CART [27]. Specifically, the POMC signal enhanced by SCFAs causes the "off-feed" neurons to emit a red light, while the inhibition of AgRP/NPY neurons turns off the "on-feed" command, truly realizing the precise control of the "eat-burn-regulate" trinity inside and outside the body [27].
3.6 Humor Tips: How to Develop Your “SCFA Express Network”
Food Express: Increase the supply of fermentable fiber such as whole grains, onions, chicory, Brazil nuts, etc., so that probiotics have something to ferment;
Fermentation accelerator: occasionally add some acid-blocking drugs (such as PPI) to give SCFA a "VIP pass" to let them pass smoothly;
Perseverance: Building a distribution network for SCFAs is not a one-day or two-day process. It will take at least eight weeks to see a doubling of the “delivery volume”.
Through the operation of the above multi-channel and full-link, SCFAs can play a great role in the gut-brain axis, which can not only quickly transmit the "satiety command", but also deeply participate in metabolic remodeling, truly upgrading your weight management from "saving food" to "saving worry, saving effort, and saving fat". The next section will show you how to use fat-soluble vitamins D₃/E to add "insulation boxes" and "guardrails" to this SCFA express line to further optimize the microecological environment.
4. Fat-soluble vitamins synergistically: optimizing the microecological environment
Vitamin D₃: the “VDR commander” in the intestine
Vitamin D₃ acts through the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the epithelial cells of the small intestine and colon, like an experienced "commander" who precisely dispatches defense and regulatory mechanisms. Studies have shown that the intestinal permeability of VDR gene knockout mice is significantly increased, indicating that VDR is essential for the integrity of the intestinal barrier [28].
Upgrading tight junction proteins: Vitamin D₃ supplementation can upregulate the expression of key tight junction proteins such as Occludin, Claudin-1 and ZO-1 , allowing intestinal epithelial cells to “twine together” and effectively block the invasion of endotoxins and pathogenic bacteria [29].
Maintenance of immune homeostasis: After activation, VDR can also stimulate the secretion of antimicrobial peptides (such as cathelicidi), just like pulling up the “arrow tower of the city wall” to carry out on-site sniping of potential pathogens and reduce the occurrence of chronic inflammation [30].
Accelerated colonization of probiotics: Cutting-edge research has found that vitamin D₃ can increase the adhesion of intestinal mucosal cells to Akkermansia and Bifidobacterium, providing them with "prime real estate" and significantly improving colonization rates and functional performance [31].
Vitamin E: the "antioxidant guardrail" of the intestine
Vitamin E is a powerful fat-soluble antioxidant that mainly fights against oxidative stress caused by high-fat diet and inflammatory response in the intestines, just like installing a sturdy "guardrail" for the intestines.
Free radical scavenging: Studies have shown that vitamin E can rapidly neutralize superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide, reduce the production of lipid peroxidation products (MDA), and protect the stability of epithelial cell membranes [32].
Maintaining tight junctions: In animal experiments, vitamin E supplementation can significantly increase the mRNA levels of Claudin-3 and Occludin , reduce intestinal leakage, and prevent the excessive release of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-6 [33].
Microecological balance: The latest review shows that vitamin E can also indirectly promote the growth of beneficial bacteria (such as Lactobacillus) and inhibit the overgrowth of pathogens (such as Enterobacteriaceae) by regulating host immunity and redox status, thus creating a “five-star” growth environment for multiple strains of probiotics [34].
Collaborative application value: a two-pronged "golden partnership"
When the "VDR Commander" of vitamin D₃ joins forces with the "antioxidant guardrail" of vitamin E, the intestinal microecological system ushers in a qualitative leap. Multiple human and animal studies have shown that combined intervention of the two can significantly:
Improve intestinal microbial diversity and increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Akkermansia↑25%, Bifidobacterium↑18%) [35];
Reduce serum LPS and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and alleviate systemic low-grade inflammation [36];
It improves insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism indicators, and significantly assists in weight and body fat management [37].
Humor Tips:
Want to keep your intestinal microecology partying longer? Drink a glass of warm water containing vitamin D₃ on an empty stomach every morning, and take a natural vitamin E soft capsule after dinner, so that your "VDR Commander" and "Antioxidant Guardrail" can be on duty around the clock!
Summary and Call to Action
By Akkermansia muciniphila repairs the intestinal barrier, a combination of multiple probiotics improves the diversity of the flora, SCFAs regulate appetite through the gut- brain axis dual pathway, and vitamin D₃/E optimizes the microecological environment. We have created a precise, scientific and sustainable weight management program. Purchase your first bottle of probiotic formula at a limited time and experience the new fat-reducing effect driven by the gut- brain axis dual-wheel drive. Embrace a healthy microecology and restart your light life!
References：
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